Reports and Publications Bibliography

The following is a complete listing of research reports, theses and papers that NOLS has contributed to over the last 25 years. In most cases after 1990, the NOLS Research program has either conducted or collaborated directly on the projects; in most cases prior to 1990 NOLS has in some significant way sponsored the research described.

Research Reports and Theses

Henry, Wesley Raymond Jr. 1973. Reasons for participating in the 1972 National Outdoor Leadership School wilderness expeditions. University of Michigan, MS Thesis, The University of Michigan, 105pp.

Baker, Edward D. Jr. 1975. Change in leadership behavior attitudes effected by participation in basic courses at the National Outdoor Leadership School. Pennsylvania State University, MS thesis, The Pennsylvania State University, 60pp.

Blundon, Bonnie and Doug Winter. 1981. An evaluative analysis of an adventure education leadership training program. The National Outdoor Leadership School.

Easley, A.T. 1985. A research proposal for a comprehensive survey of graduates of the National Outdoor Leadership School.

Easley, A.T. 1985. The personality traits of wilderness leadership instructors at NOLS: the relationship to perceived instructor effectiveness and the development of self concept in students. Doctoral Thesis,Virginia Polytechnic Institute, 183pp.

Hendee, John C. 1985. Wilderness...the next twenty years. In:NOLS 20th Anniversary Celebration, Lander, WY. National Outdoor Leadership School, Vol. 1, No. 1 Distinguished Lecturer Series.

Watts, Phil, 1985 Physiological adaptations in extended technical mountaineering at moderate altitudes. Northern Michigan University. Watts, Phillip B., Annette G. Watts, Barbara C.Silta and George Newbury. 1985.

Physiological aspects of extended technical mountaineering at moderate altitudes. Cole, D.N. 1986.

Go to top of page

Research gaps related to NOLS conservation practices: priorities and recommended approaches. National Outdoor Leadership School, Review Draft.

Cole, David N. 1986. NOLS conservation practices: evaluation, suggested revisions and identification of reserach gaps. Review Draft.

Williams, Daniel R., Gary D. Ellis and Norma Nickerson. 1986. The generalizability of Dirver's recreation experience preference scales. In:First National Conference on Social Science in Natural Resource Management , Corvallis, OR.

Burgette, Dan. 1987. Wilderness qualities and backcountry management at Grand Teton National Park. National Outdoor Leadership School.

Cole, David N. 1987. Critical wilderness qualities, recreational use and monitoring needs. National Outdoor Leadership School.

Cole, David N. and Robert C. Lucas. 1987. Significant wilderness qualities: can they be identified and monitored?. In:Third Annual NOLS Wilderness Research Colloquium, Popo Agie Wilderness, Shoshone National Forest, Wyoming. National Outdoor Leadership School.

Hammitt, William E. 1987. Wilderness quality, impact conditions and their monitoring. National Outdoor Leadership School.

Hendee, John C. 1987. Introduction-wilderness experience programs to develop human potential. The International Wilderness Leadership Foundation, Inc.

Lucas, Robert C. 1987. High quality wilderness conditions. National Outdoor Leadership School.

Manning, Robert. 1987. Free to be you or me or some random thoughts about wilderness management. National Outdoor Leadership School.

Marion, Jeffrey L. 1987. Significant qualities of wilderness and monitoring. National Outdoor Leadership School.

McCool, Stephen F. 1987. Conditions, features, qualities composing a high quality wilderness resource. National Outdoor Leadership School.

Ratz, Jim, and Tim A.Easley. 1987. The National outdoor leadership school: twenty-two years of wilderness education leadership. The International Wilderness Leadership Foundation, Inc.

Sober, Toivo. 1987. Some thoughts on two questions. National Outdoor Leadership School.

Go to top of page

Watts, Phil. 1987. Exertional intensities and energy requirements of technical mountaineering at moderate altitude. Research Project.

Womack, A. Barton. 1987. A literature review on the understanding of employee theft and the results of a survey on employee theft conducted for the National Outdoor Leadership School.

Feunekes, Andrea, 1988. Analysis of the importance performance technique for instructor evaluation at NOLS. MS Thesis, University of New Brunswick, 113pp.

Shin, Won Sop, 1988. The influence of a wilderness course on the self-actualization of the students. MS Thesis, University of New Brunswick, 99pp.

Womack, A. Barton, 1988. A study of employee theft at the National Outdoor Leadership School. MBA Thesis,University of Wyoming, 125pp.

Neill, Derrick S. 1989. A critical evaluation of outdoor leadership training. MA Thesis, United States International University, 72pp.

1990. NOLS Nguruman area/Loita Hills project recommendation. National Outdoor Leadership School, Kenya Branch.

Brame, Susan and Chad Henderson. 1991. NOLS wilderness primer. National Outdoor Leadership School.

Easley, A. T. 1991. Programmed, nonclinical skill development benefits of leisure activities. Venture Publishing, Inc.

Pence, David. 1991. Project proposal: NOLS horsepacking publication. University of Colorado.

Taylor, Tory and Meredith Taylor. 1991. Are horses appropriate in wilderness? National Outdoor Leadership School.

Go to top of page

Benepe, Susan. 1992. Racial and ethnic diversity in wilderness use and environmental education resource list. National Outdoor Leadership School.

Benepe, Susan. 1992. Racial and ethnic diversity in wilderness use and environmental education. National Outdoor Leadership School, Working draft, fall 1992.

Brame, Susan , Chad Henderson, Brad Johnston, Shikuku Ooko and Morgan Hite.1992. An introduction to wildland ethics & management. National Outdoor Leadership School.

Cole, David, Mike Dorrington, Anne Fege, Doug Fox, Wes Henry, Abby Scott and Jay Watson . 1992 Report From Task Force on Monitoring for WildernessConditions. In:Task Force on Monitoring for wilderness conditions, Washington, DC.

Henyon, Erik M. 1992. Outdoor education with the National Outdoor Leadership School.

Kascenska, John R. 1992. The effect of NOLS on developing an environmental ethic. North Carolina State University, research proposal.

McAvoy, Leo H., Pamela Jones Schomaker and James P. Steckart. 1992.Wilderness education and environmental ethics: an assessment of beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors in the context of the National Outdoor Leadership School curriculum, educational methods, and settings. University of Minnesota, research proposal.

Pence, David. 1992. Bibliography for Dave Pence's pack animal project.

Pence, David. 1992. Soft hooves: minimum impact and horses. summarized by Tom Reed.

Pence, David. 1992. Ethical relationships with the wilderness: a study of a National Outdoor Leadership School semester program. University of Colorado, research proposal.

Propst, Dennis B. and Rena Koesler. 1992. Causes and correlates of short and long term wilderness leadership involvement among National Outdoor Leadership School (NOLS) participants. Michigan State University, Research Proposal.

Roggenbuck, Joseph W., Daniel R.Williams and Thomas C. Swearingen. 1992.Assessing wilderness meanings and environmental ethical reasoning among NOLS students. Virginia Tech, Research proposal.

Go to top of page

Williams, Jamie, 1992. Fragile rivers: A research guide to minimum impact use. National Outdoor Leadership School, Draft copy.

Koesler, Rena. 1993. Community and place identity: is there a relationship with leadership development.

Monz, C.A. 1993. Report on the feasibility of establishing a Journal of Wilderness Research and Management. U.S.D.A. Forest Service Participating Agreement no.91-PA-093.

Widner, Carolyn and Jeff Marion. 1993. Horse impacts: research findings and their implications. LNT Master Network, No.5.

Gregg, Charles (Reb). 1994. Legal issues for the wilderness care provider. In:Wilderness Risk Managers Conference, Estes Park, Colorado. Wilderness Medicine Newsletter, vol. 5, no. 1 .

Gookin, John and Marit Sawyer. 1994. Empowering children and outdoor program staff with active learning techniques. LNT Master Network, No.6.

Koesler, Rena and Dennis Propst. 1994. Factors influencing leadership development in wilderness education. Final Report.

Link, Mike. 1994. Risk and Responsibility. In:Wilderness Risk Managers Conference, Estes Park, Colorado. Adventure West.

Monz, C.A., C. Henderson and R.A. Brame. 1994.Perspectives on the integration of wilderness research education. NOLS.

Monz, C.A. 1994. NOLS research program 1994 progress report., NOLS.

Monz, C.A. 1994. NOLS Research Program 1994 progress report; Project summaries and papers. 34pp.

Monz, C.A. 1994. Knowing the Wind River mountains. The Leader, 10(3) 7-13.

Thompson, Ken. 1994. Guide services do win: anatomy of a successful defense. In:Wilderness Risk Managers Conference, Estes Park, CO. Wilderness Medicine Newsletter.

Blood, Kathy and Dave Johnson, MD. 1995. Student medical screening. In:Wilderness Risk Managers Conference, Estes Park, Colorado. The Wilderness Risk Managers Committee.

Brame, Susan. 1995. Wyoming Nature Conservancy, NOLS developing LNT model for preserve management. LNT Master Network, No. 11.

Conlan, Lena. 1995. Ocean hazards for paddlers. In:Wilderness Risk Managers Conference, Estes Park, Colorado. The Wilderness Risk Managers Committee.

Forgey, Bill MD (summarized by Tom Reed). 1995. International Health Concerns. In:Wilderness Risk Managers Conference, Estes Park, Colorado. The Wilderness Risk Managers Committee.

Forgey, William MD. 1995. Health and safety aspects of international travel. In: Wilderness Risk Managers Conference, Estes Park, Colorado. The Wilderness Risk Managers Committee

Gentile, Douglas MD and Tod Schimelpfenig. 1995. Wilderness injury and illness. In: Wilderness Risk Managers Conference, Estes Park, Colorado. The Wilderness Risk Managers Committee.

Go to top of page

Glenn, Lewis. 1995. Safety management in Outward Bound USA. In:Wilderness Risk Managers Conference, Estes Park, Colorado. The Wilderness Risk Managers Committee.

Gray, Sky MS. 1995. Working with special populations in adventure and wilderness programs. In:Wilderness Risk Managers Conference, Estes Park, Colorado. The Wilderness Risk Managers Committee.

Hammit, J. Porter and Wayne A. Freimund. 1995. Responsible environmental behavior.

Horodowich, Wayne. 1995. Recommended sea kayak touring bibliography. In: Wilderness Risk Managers Conference, Estes Park, Colorado. The Wilderness Risk Managers Committee.

Hunt, Jasper PhD. 1995. Risk benefit analysis. In:Wilderness Risk Managers Conference, Estes Park, Colorado. The Wilderness Risk Managers Committee.

Hunt, Jasper PhD. 1995. Informed consent. In:Wilderness Risk Managers Conference, Estes Park, Colorado. The Wilderness Risk Managers Committee.

Kellert, Stephen R. 1995. Summary prospectus for a national study of experience based environmental education.

Koesler, Rena. 1995. An investigation of effective learning environments for female participants at the National Outdoor Leadership School (NOLS). In:NOLS Research Program Research Advisors Meeting, NOLS SW Branch, Tucson, AZ. NOLS.

Knutson, Steve. 1995. American caving accidents 1993. In:Wilderness Risk Managers Conference, Estes Park, Colorado. The National Speleological Society.

Monz, C.A. 1995. 1995 project summaries and proposals. In:NOLS Research Program Research Advisors Meeting, NOLS SW Branch, Tucson, AZ. NOLS.

Monz, C.A. 1995. NOLS Research Program 1995 progress report. 42pp.

Monz, C.A. 1995. Trampling impacts on different ground surfaces: preliminary results. LNT Master Network , No.9 winter 1995.

Pierce, Bill. 1995. All risk emergency management. In:Wilderness Risk Managers Conference, Estes Park, Colorado. The Wilderness Risk Managers Committee.

Powers, Phil. 1995. Improvised Rescue. In:Wilderness Risk Managers Conference, Estes Park, Colorado. The Wilderness Risk Managers Committee. Powers, Phil. 1995. Supervising a climbing program. In:Wilderness Risk Managers Conference, Estes Park, Colorado. The Wilderness Risk Managers Committee.

Schimelpfenig, Tod. 1995. Subjective hazards and risk management. In:Wilderness Risk Managers Conference, Estes Park, Colorado. The Wilderness Risk Managers Committee.

Schimelpfenig, Tod. 1995. NOLS' medical review process. In:Wilderness Risk Managers Conference, Estes Park, Colorado. The Wilderness Risk Managers Committee.

Schimelpfenig, Tod. 1995. A look at ten years of NOLS field safety statistics. In:Wilderness Risk Managers Conference, Estes Park, Colorado. The Wilderness Risk Managers Committee.

Schimelpfenig, Tod. 1995. Risk management at The National Outdoor Leadership School. In:Wilderness Risk Managers Conference, Estes Park, Colorado. The Wilderness Risk Managers Committee.

Schimelpfenig, Tod. 1995. Cellular phones and radios on NOLS courses. In:Wilderness Risk Managers Conference, Estes Park, Colorado. The Wilderness Risk Managers Committee.

Schimelpfenig, Tod. 1995. NOLS field serious injury/illness/fatality protocol. In:Wilderness Risk Managers Conference, Estes Park, Colorado. The Wilderness Risk Managers Committee.

Go to top of page

Schimelpfenig, Tod. 1995. Wilderness Medicine and Rescue Bibliography. In: Wilderness Risk Managers Conference, Estes Park, Colorado. The Wilderness Risk Managers Committee.

Schimelpfenig, Tod. 1995. Sources of wilderness medical training. In:Wilderness Risk Managers Conference, Estes Park, Colorado. The Wilderness Risk Managers Committee

Thompson, Ken. 1995. Can I do that? legally?. In:Wilderness Risk Managers Conference, Estes Park, Colorado. Wilderness Medicine Newsletter, vol.6, no. 1.

Williamson, Jed. 1995. Mountaineering accident statistics. In:Wilderness Risk Managers Conference, Estes Park, Colorado. The American Alpine Club.

Udall, James R. 1995. Thinking about safety: Let the "accident dynamic" help you take a look at safety awareness. In:Wilderness Risk Managers Conference, Estes Park,Colorado. The Wilderness Risk Managers Committee.

Armbrecht, Sally. 1996. Teachable moments in ecology, A field trip with John Mionczynski. The National Outdoor Leadership School.

Conlan, Tim. 1996. Group management: modeling and teaching leadership in sea kayaks. In: Wilderness Education 1996. The National Outdoor Leadership School.

Doran, Molly. 1996. Teachable moments in leadership: ways to use everyday activities to teach leadership. In: Wilderness Education 1996, The National Outdoor Leadership School.

Doran, Molly. 1996. Some leadership theories we use at NOLS but not name. In: Wilderness Education 1996, The National Outdoor Leadership School.

Doran, Molly. 1996. Giving and receiving feedback: complacency is bad eb. In: Wilderness Education 1996. The National Outdoor Leadership School.

Gookin, John. 1996. Dialing the new instructor into natural history instruction. In: Wilderness Education 1996, The National Outdoor Leadership School.

Gookin, John. 1996. Learning ethics: what the research says. In: Wilderness Education 1996, The National Outdoor Leadership School.

Gookin, John. 1996. Wilderness risk management 1996. In:Wilderness Risk Managers Conference, Sunday River, Maine. The Wilderness Risk Managers Committee.

Hanson, Chris. 1996. David Love's geology field trip to Sheep Mountain, WY.

In: Wilderness Education 1996, The National Outdoor Leadership School.
Hornbein, Tom MD. 1996. The value of risk, a climber's perspective. In:Wilderness Risk Manager's Conference. The National Outdoor Leadership School.

Monz C.A. 1996. Impact Ecology: the how, why, where and so what?. In: NOLS Newsletter Febrary 1996, National Outdoor Leadership School.

Go to top of page

National Park Service. 1996. The eroding foundation of life: why is biodiversity so important?. In: Wilderness Education 1996, The National Outdoor Leadership School.

Sawyer, Marit. 1996. I was a mediocre student. In: Wilderness Education 1996. The National Outdoor Leadership School.

Tyson, Briget E. and Rena Koesler. 1996. Effective learning environments for women.

Warner, Abby and John Gookin. 1996. Wilderness Education 1996. The National Outdoor Leadership School.

Watson, Terri. 1996. Opportunities of homogenous groups. In: Wilderness Education 1996. The National Outdoor Leadership School.

Unsoeld, Jolene. 1996. The value of risk, a mother's perspective. In:Wilderness Risk Manager's Conference, Estes Park, CO. The National Outdoor Leadership School.

Ells, Michael D. 1997. The impact of varying human waste disposal practices on the Muir Snowfield on Mount Rainier. NOLS.

Kehoe, Sharon and Christopher A. Monz. 1997. Monitoring lakes in the Wind River Range, Wyoming. National Outdoor Leadership School.

Kellert, Stephen R. 1998. A national study of outdoor wilderness experience.

Kehoe, Sharon. 1998. What's so great about outdoor education?

Kehoe, Sharon. 1999. How can you benefit from the NOLS Research Department? NOLS.

Kehoe, Sharon. 1999. Assessing campsites in coastal regions of Baja California and Prince William Sound. NOLS.

Kehoe, Sharon. 1999. Who serves on the Research Program Advisory Board? NOLS.

Monz, Christopher. 1999, Evaluating student satisfaction on outdoor adventure courses, NOLS.

Monz, Christopher. 1999. Recreation resource assessment and monitoring techniques: examples from the Rocky Mountains, USA. NOLS.

Monz, Christopher. 1999. Measuring trails and visitor sites: examples from the Phantom Canyon Preserve, Colorado, USA. NOLS.

Monz, Christopher. 1999. An assessment of lake chemical composition in the Wind River Range, Wyoming: a project proposal. NOLS.

Monz, Christopher and Tami Pokorny. 1999. Applying recreation resource monitoring and assessment to a non wilderness setting. Abstract. NOLS.

Pokorny, Tamara. 1999. An assessment of trail conditions at the Wyoming Nature Conservancy's Tensleep Preserve. NOLS.

Reed, Tom. 1999. Wilderness education today for leadership tomorrow. International Journal of Wilderness.

Twardock, Paul and Christopher A. Monz. 1999. Recreational kayak visitor use, distribution, and economic value in Prince WIlliam Sound, Alaska, USA. NOLS.

Berry, Kathryn M. 2000. A program evaluation of the National Outdoor Leadership School's No Deje Rastro (Leave No trace) program at the NOLS Mexico Branch.

Freilish, Jerry Dr. 2000. Why should NOLS have a science program?

Kehoe, Sharon. 2000. NOLS Research program staff resource guide 2000. NOLS.

Go to top of page

Peer Reviewed Papers
Hunt, Jasper. 1984. The danger of substituting rules for instructor judgment in experiential education. In:Wilderness Risk Managers Conference, Estes Park, Colorado. The Journal of Experiential Education

Easley, A.T., J.W. Roggenbuck and J. Ratz. 1986. Wilderness education at NOLS: student outcomes and correlates of perceived instructor effectiveness. Intermountain Research Station, General Technical Report INT-212.

Kizer, Kenneth W. 1987. Medical aspects of whitewater kayaking. In: Wilderness Risk Managers Conference, Estes Park, Colorado. The Physician and Sportsmedicine, vol. 15, no. 7.

Mitchell, Jeffrey T. 1988. Stress: development and functions of a critical incident stress debriefing team. In:Wilderness Risk Managers Conference, Estes Park, Colorado. Jems., Dec. 1988.

Cole, David N. 1989. Low-impact recreational practices for wilderness and backcountry. Intermountain Research Station, General Technical Report INT-265.

Driver, B. L., George L. Peterson and A.T. Easley. 1990. Benefits perceived by past participants in the NOLS's Wind River Wilderness course: a methodological inquiry. Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, General Technical Report RM-193.

Gosnell, Mariana, 1990. Classrooms in the wild. Wilderness, summer 1990.

Pence, David. 1990. Mavericks in the mainstream: role models for teachers who want to make a difference. The Journal Of Experiential Education, Vol. 13, No. 2.

Atkinson-Berg, Karlyn. 1990. The use of wilderness for education. U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, General Technical Report RM- 193.

Bachert, Delmar W. 1990. Wilderness education: a holistic model. U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, General Technical Report RM-193.

Bacon, Stephen Barcia. 1990. The evolution of the Outward Bound process. U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, General Technical Report RM-193.

Go to top of page

Benson, Delwin E. 1990. Wilderness values on western ranches. U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, General Technical Report RM-193.

Brown, Michael H. and Michael D. Freed. 1990. Keepers of the sacred grove: motivating and empowering resource managers to protect wilderness values. U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, General Technical Report RM-193.

Callahan, Robert C. 1990. Wilderness awakening: probation counseling and the wilderness-a dynamic team. U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, General Technical Report RM-193.

Cathey, Karen E. and Michael H. Legg. 1990. Perceived changes in university student knowledge and opinions concerning wilderness management issues. U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, General Technical Report RM-193.

Cockrell, David. 1990. Changes in self-efficacy through outdoor skills instruction. U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, General Technical Report RM-193.

Donaldson, O. Fred. 1990. Finding our way with play: lessons from wilderness playgrounds and wildlife playmates. U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, General Technical Report RM-193.

Driver, B.L., A.T. Easley and Joseph F. Passineau. 1990. Introductory comments on the benefits of wilderness. U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, General Technical Report RM-193.

Driver, B. L., George L. Peterson and A.T. Easley. 1990. Benefits perceived by past participants in the NOLS Wind River Wilderness course: a methodological inqiry. U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, General Technical Report RM-193.

Easley, A.T., Joseph F.Passineau and B.L. Driver. 1990. The use of wilderness for personal growth, therapy, and education. U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, General Technical Report RM-193.

Ewert, Alan. 1990. Reducing levels of trait anxiety through the application of wilderness-based activities. U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, General Technical Report RM-193.

Go to top of page

Greenway, Robert. 1990. An eighteen-year investigation of "wilderness therapy". U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, General Technical Report RM-193.

Hall, Wilson, 1990. Psychological necessity for wilderness in the life of George Catlin. U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, General Technical Report RM-193.

Hartig, Terry, Marlis Mang and Gary W. Evans. 1990. Perspectives on wilderness: testing the theory of restorative environments. U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, General Technical Report RM-193.

Heywood, John L. 1990. Collective social groups in the wilderness: problems and prospects. U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, General Technical Report RM-193.

Hummel, Carl and Linda Donovan. 1990. Wilderness privacy types: how important can they be? U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, General Technical Report RM-193.

Kaye, Glen, 1990. The William Allen White artist in residence program. U.S.Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, General Technical Report RM-193.

Kussmann, Steven C. 1990. National network for environmental education. U.S.Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, General Technical Report RM-193.

LaPage, W.F. andS.R. Ranney. 1990. The American wilderness-a cultural imperative. U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, General Technical Report RM-193.

Leoni, Edward L. 1990. Joy in living in a wilderness milieu. U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, General Technical Report RM-193.

Go to top of page

Levitt, Lynn. 1990. How therapeutic is camping for mentally ill adults?. U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, General Technical Report RM-193.

Passineau, Joseph F. and Erik Brynildson. 1990. The wilderness legacy of John Muir-150 years from Fountain Lake Farm to world wilderness. U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, General Technical Report RM-193.

Passineau, Joseph F. 1990. Wilderness, wildlife, and conservation education in Botswana Africa: a personal journey. U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, General Technical Report RM-193.

Raiola, Edward O. 1990. Outdoor wilderness education-a leadership curriculum. U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, General Technical Report RM-193.

Scherl, Lea M. 1990. The wilderness experience: a psychological evaluation of its components and dynamics. U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, General Technical Report RM-193.

Schreyer, Richard, Daniel R.Williams and Lois Haggard. 1990. Episodic versus continued wilderness participation-implications for self-concept enhancement. U.S.Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, General Technical Report RM-193.

Taylor, Jonathan G. 1990. Wilderness perception. U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, General Technical Report RM-193.

Vogl, Robert L. and Sonia Vogl. 1990. The effectiveness of wilderness education: a review and evaluation. U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, General Technical Report RM-193.

Wakefield, Gary C. and Rudi Rudibaugh. 1990. Observations of the effects of human social behavior in varied wilderness settings. U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, General Technical Report RM-193.

Go to top of page

Whittaker, Tom, 1990. Pathways to understanding. U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, General Technical Report RM-193.

Young, Anderson B. and Thomas W. Steele. 1990. The effects of pretesting and degree of adventure on self-concept. U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, General Technical Report RM-193.

Krumpe, Edwin E. 1990. Managing wilderness for education and human development: a bane or a blessing? U.S. Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, General Technical Report SE-66.

Scott, Abby C. and Marc Bekoff. 1991. Breeding behavior of evening grosbeaks. The Condor, vol 93.

Gentile, Douglas A., John A. Morris, Tod Schimelpfenig, Sue M. Bass and Paul S. Auerbach. 1992. Wilderness injuries and illnesses. In: Wilderness Risk Managers Conference, Estes Park, Colorado Annals of Emergency Medicine, Vol. 21, No. 7.

Marsh, Susan, Anne Fege, Frank Beum, Lois Aiemann, Ed Bloedel, Pat Reed,Linda Merigliano, D.N. Cole, Gerry Stokes,Michael Scott, Keith Corrigall,David Heffernan, Wes Henry, Ed Krumpe, Steve McCool, Chad Henderson and Bill Worf. 1992. Keeping wild: a citizen guide to wilderness management.The Wilderness Society in cooperation with the USDA Forest Service.

Martin, D.T., P.B. Watts and V.S. Newbury. 1992. The effect of alpine mountaineering on acute erythrocyte hemolysis. International Journal of Sports Medicine, No. 1, Vol. 13.

Paton, B.C. MD. 1992. Health, safety and risk in Outward Bound. In:Wilderness Risk Managers Conference, Estes Park, Colorado. Journal of Wilderness Medicine, vol.3.

Scott, Abby Caul, 1992. Valuing wilderness benefits: alternatives to economic measures. USDA Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, General Technical Report SE-78.

Doucette, Joseph E. and D.N Cole. 1993. Wilderness visitor education: information about alternative techniques. Intermountain Research Station, General Technical Report INT-295.

Monz, C. A., C. Henderson and R.A. Brame. 1994. Perspectives on the integration of wilderness research, education and management. In: 6th National Wilderness Conference proceedings; The Spirit Lives. Sanata Fe, NM.

Monz, C.A., G.A. Meier, D.N. Cole and J.M. Welker. 1994. Responses of moist and dry arctic tundra to trampling and warmer temperatures. Bull Ecol Soc Am 77 (3) 311.

Monz, C.A., D.N. Cole, L.A. Johnson and D.R. Spildie. 1994. Vegetation response to trampling in five native plant communities in the Wind River Range, Wyoming, USA . Bull Ecol Soc Am 75(2) 158.

Williams, J. and C.A. Monz. 1995. Fragile rivers: current knowledge regarding minimum impact use and identification of significant research gaps. In: Proceedings from the Third North American Interdisciplinary Wilderness Conference, Ogden UT. University of Nevada Press.

Go to top of page

Monz, C.A. and T. Schimelpfenig. 1997. An analysis of the medical review process at The National Outdoor Leadership School. Wilderness and Environmental Medicine vol. 8. 9.

Monz, C.A., P. Twardock and W.D. Ewing. 1997. Campsite conditions in Prince William Sound: An initial assessment. Submitted to USDA Forest Service, Chugach District.

Monz, C.A. 1998. Monitoring recreation resource impacts in two coastal areas of Western North America: an initial assessment. In: Personal societal, and eclogical values of wilderness: Sixth World Wilderness Congress proceedings on research, management and allocation. Bangalore, India.

Cilimburg, Amy, Christopher Monz and Sharon Kehoe. 2000. Wildland recreation and human waste: a review of problems, practices, and concerns. Environmental Management.25 (6) 11.

Monz, C.A., T. Pokorny, J. Freilich, S. Kehoe and D. Ayers-Baumeister. 2000. The consequences of trampling disturbance in two vegetaion types at the Wyoming Nature Conservancy's Sweetwater River Project area. In: Wilderness Science in a Time of Change Conference proceedings.

Monz, C.A., J. Roggenbuck, D. Cole, R. Brame, and A Yoder. 2000. Wilderness party size regulations: implications for management and a decisonmaking framework. In: Wilderness Science in a Time of Change Conference proceedings.

Twardock, Paul amd C.A. Monz. 2000. Recreational kayak visitor use, distribution, and financial value of beaches in Western Prince William Sound, Alaska, Between 1987 and 1998. In: Wilderness Science in a Time of Change Conference proceedings.

Go to top of page